Terminology

Medium: modulation of some medium (ex. air)

Source and destination: every message is meaningful to both parties, have a common language

protocol: shared info (language)

message: info sent from source to destination using a protocol

IP Addresses

Given IP address 198.210.62.3

198: ID of network

210: ID of subnet

62: ID for group of subnet

3: ID of that specific computer

IP addresses are organized by organization (company, uni, govt, etc). and by domain name.

Circuit Switching

A dedicated physical path is established between two nodes or parties for the duration of communication. This path remains fixed for the entire conversation or data transfer. the problem is the utilization is bad

Ex. Telephones, analog telephone network

• Dedicated connection: A fixed path is reserved for the entire duration of the communication.
• Guaranteed bandwidth: The allocated path ensures a consistent data rate throughout the session.